- Nicotine: Found in most e-liquids, nicotine is a stimulant that affects brain activity and circulation. It is linked to brain damage and can also cause the narrowing of blood vessels.
- Flavoring Agents: Often used in e-cigarette liquids, some flavoring chemicals are known to be toxic when inhaled.
- Propylene Glycol and Glycerin: These base ingredients are used in e-cigarettes to produce vapor. While considered safe for ingestion, their long-term effects when inhaled remain unclear.
- Heavy Metals: Studies have shown that e-cigarette vapor may contain metals like lead, cadmium, and nickel, which can damage lung tissue and cardiovascular health over time.
- Formaldehyde: A known carcinogen, formaldehyde is sometimes produced when e-cigarette devices overheat, further contributing to lung damage.